HISTORY of AMD

This article discusses the development of an AMD processor which is accompanied with some description specifications and details some proprietary features, this article I lift because of the many questions via comments, IM, and email me about AMD processors.
AMD stands for Advanced Micro Devices
AMD development cycle
1. AMD K5
AMD K5 was originally created in order to work on all motherboards which support Intel. So who supports Intel motherboard will support AMD's K5 also. At that time, not all motherboards can instantly recognize AMD and must be able to upgrade the BIOS to recognize AMD.
Below are the types of AMD K5
AMD K5 - CPGA - Socket 7

CPU Clock

System Bus

L2 Cache

Chace Frequency

Micron Process
K5-PR 75

75MHz

50MHz

Onboard

50MHz

0.5
K5-PR 90

90MHz

60MHz

Onboard

50MHz

0.5
K5-PR 100

100MHz

66MHz

Onboard

50MHz

0.5
K5-PR 133

100MHz

66MHz

Onboard

50MHz

00:35
K5-PR 166

116MHz

66MHz

Onboard

50MHz

00:35

2. AMD K5
AMD K6 processor is the 6th generation processors with high performance and can be installed on the motherboard which supports Intel's Pentium. AMD K6 itself is subdivided his model are: AMD K6, AMD K6-2, AMD K6-III
Types of AMD K6
AMD-K6-CPGA Socket 7

CPU Clock

System Bus

L2 Cache

Cache Frequency

Micron Process
K6 166

166MHz

66MHz

Onboard

66MHz

00:35
K6 200

200MHz

66MHz

Onboard

66MHz

00:35
K6 233

233MHz

66MHz

Onboard

66MHz

00:35
K6 266

266MHz

66MHz

Onboard

66MHz

00:35
K6 300

300MHz

66MHz

Onboard

66MHz

00:25
The types of AMD K6-2
AMD K6-2-CPGA-Socket 7

CPU Clock

System Bus

L2 cache

Frequency cache

Micron Process
K6-2 266 AFR

266MHz

66MHz

Onboard

66MHz

00:25
K6-2 300 AFR

300MHz

100MHz

Onboard

100MHz

00:25
K6-2 333 AFR

333MHz

95MHz

Onboard

95MHz

00:25
K6-2 350 AFR

350MHz

100MHz

Onboard

100MHz

00:25
K6-2 366 AFR

366MHz

66MHz

Onboard

66MHz

00:25
K6-2 380 AFR

380MHz

95MHz

Onboard

95MHz

00:25
K6-2 400 AFQ

400MHz

100MHz

Onboard

100MHz

00:25
K6-2 400 AFR

400MHz

100MHz

Onboard

100MHz

00:25
K6-2 450 AHX

450MHz

100MHz

Onboard

100MHz

00:25
K6-2 450 AFX

450MHz

100MHz

Onboard

100MHz

00:25
K6-2 475 AHX

475MHz

95MHz

Onboard

95MHz

00:25
K6-2 475 AFX

475MHz

95MHz

Onboard

95MHz

00:25
K6-2 500 AFX

500MHz

100MHz

Onboard

100MHz

00:25
K6-2 533 AFX

533MHz

97MHz

Onboard

97MHz

00:25
K6-2 550 Agr

550MHz

100MHz

Onboard

100MHz

00:25

The types of AMD K6-III
AMD K6-III-CPGA-Socket 7

CPU Clock

System Bus

L2 Cache

Cache Frequency

Micron Process
K6-III 400 AHX

400MHz

100MHz

256KB + L3

100MHz

00:25
K6-III 400 AFR

400MHz

100MHz

256KB + L3

100MHz

00:25
K6-III 450 AFX

450MHz

100MHz

256KB + L3

100MHz

00:25
K6-III 450 AHX

450MHz

100MHz

256KB + L3

100MHz

0.

3. AMD Duron
AMD's Duron is a cheap version of the processor family, known in 2000, initially the processor has a code name which is based on Core Spitfire Thunderbird. AMD Athlon AMD Duron is the version which "summed up" he has all owned by AMD Athlon architecture. The performance of AMD Athlon AMD Duron with almost the same only difference of 7% -10% higher bit AMD Athlon. This Sa'at AMD Duron AMD have stopped production.

4. AMD Athlon
AMD Athlon is the successor of the AMD K6 microprocessor series. This processor is a come-back action AMD to industrial micro-processor high-end Intel and AMD want to shift as the market leader in the microprocessor industry. Some additional features of these processors is the addition of two instructions for 3DNow! And two for the MMX instruction which resides in the floating point pipeline. Instructions 3DNow! Who entered into the AMD Athlon processor has been improved and expanded by adding 24 interuksi for integer arithmetic calculations. This processor outperformed the Intel Pentium III Katmai and new can be approximated by an Intel Pentium III Coppermine. Other features of this processor is the AMD Athlon processor can be used for multiprocessor systems as well as the sixth generation of Intel processors (P6). By using the AMD 750 MP chipset (Iron Gate) and AMD 760 MPX, AMD processors realize the computer which has two AMD Athlon processors.

For that AMD makes two types of processors are:
- Single-Processor with AMD Athlon name, and
- Multiprocessor with a AMD Athlon Professional.
Both are equipped with the same technology with different support for multiprocessor.
AMD Athlon / Athlon professionals intended to compete with Intel Pentium II Xeon processors and Intel Pentium III Xeon processor with all the reliability of distinguished assets. Athlon win on the system bus architecture, while the Xeon wins on level-2 cache, which runs at full speed despite the Xeon is in the cartridge.
Pentiun Intel Pentium II and III is not the opponent who can match the power of the Athlon processor. Only the Coppermine Pentium alone. AMD Athlon stuck at a speed of 1000MHz, AMD managed to reach the limits of psychology: through restrictions 1000MHz (1GHz) 3 days before Intel launches faster Intel Pentium III Coppermine 1 GHz. This resulted in AMD received the title "Processorn of the Year" in 2000.

AMD Athlon Models

*


Athlon Classic:

- K7 - Argon (250 nm)
- K75 - Pluto / Orion (180 nm)

MMX 3D Now!
Slot A
100 MHz double-pumped
Vcore: 1.6 V (K7), 1.6 - 1.8 V (K75)
The first exit June 23, 1999 (K7), 29 November 1999 (K75)
500-700 MHz clock-rate (K7), 550-1000 MHz (K75)

*


Athlon Thunderbird (180nm)

Exit first 5 juni 2000
Successfully compete with IP III
MMX 3DNow!
Boros Power and High Temperature
700-1400 MHz speed

*


Athlon XP (eXtrime Power) (130 nm)

Many people perceive the equivalent of an Intel Pentium 4
Compatible RAM: DDR / SDRAM 100, 133, 166, 200 Mhz
Instruction Processors: 3D NOW! - Intel x86 Compatibility Intel MMX - SSE and SSE2
Rating / clock speed available: 1500 + s / d 200 +, 2200 + s / d 3000 +, 3200 +

*


Palomino (180nm)

Exit the first October 9, 2001
MMX, 3DNow! , Streaming SMID Extensions / SSE
Clockrate: 133 - 1733 MHz (1500 + s / d 2100 +)

*


Thoroughbred A / B (130 nm)

Exit the first June 10, 2002 (A), August 21, 2002 (B)
MMX, 3DNow!, Streaming SMID Extensions / SSE
Socket A
Clock Rate: T-Bred "A": 1400-1800 (1600 + s / d 2200 +)
T-Bred "B": 1400-2250 (1600 + s / d 2800 +)
266 MT / s FSB :1400-2133 MHz (1600 + s / d 2600 +)
333 MT / s FSB: 2083 to 2250 MHz (2600 + s / d 2800 +)

*


Thorton (130nm)

Exit the first September 2003
MMX, 3DNow, Streaming SMID Extensions / SSE
Clockrate: 166-2200 MHz (2000 + s / d 3100 +)

5. AMD Athlon 64

The processor socket has 3 different variants namely socket 754, 939, and 940. Socket 754 has a memory controller which supports the use of single channel DDR memory. Socket 939 has a memory controller which supports dual channel memory. This processor is the first processor which is compatible to 64bit computing. These processors use AMD 64 technology, which can work on the operating system and applications 32-bit and 64 bit.

6. AMD Athlon 64 FX
This processor has 2 important characteristics:
- Can work on operating systems and applications 32-bit or 64 bit with full speed
- Provides protection virus called Ehanced Virus Protection when run on a platform of Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) or Windows XP 64 Bit Edition.
PC-based system which AMD Athlon 64 FX is suitable for PC users who enthusiastically, though fans of Video-Audio (multimedia) and the players game.

Other features:
3DNow! Professional + SSE 2 instruction
HyperTransport Technology
On-Die cache memory of 1152KB (with 128kB details for L1 and L2 1024 KB for

The types of AMD Athlon 64 FX
AMD Athlon FX 51, AMD Athlon FX 53, AMD Athlon 57 FX

7. AMD Sempron
This processor is a line of processors which were introduced by AMD in 2004 as a substitute for AMD Duron processor cheap computer market, to compete with Intel Celeron D. AMD Sempron divided into 2 types:
-AMD Sempron socket A
-AMD Sempron Socket 754
A socket version of the AMD Sempron is custom-made variant of the Sempron processor-based AMD Athlon XP Thoroughbred, because at that time it has launched the AMD processor to market high-end AMD Athlon 64.
AMD Sempron socket 754 Sempron processors which are built on AMD64 architecture in order to enhance the performance of distinguished assets.
AMD Sempron has a code name same as Palermo AMD Sempron socket A. But some series AMD Sempron 64bit feature is not enabled so that only it can execute 32bit instructions. Like the AMD Athlon 64 processor is furnished with a single HyperTransport link which can be connected to the motherboard chipset.

8. AMD 64 X2 Dual Core
This processor is intended to compete with what Intel developed its Core Duo processors. Fixed-based 64-bit technology, the processor is intended for the intensive users of digital media.
From the features of this processor is equipped with just as HyperTransport technology which can improve overall system performance by removing bottlenecks at the level of input output, increase bandwidth, reduce latency system. The approach used here is distinguished DDR memory controller that is fully integrated so that helps speed access to memory, by providing a route processor dai directly to the main memory. As a result, applications can enjoy faster loading of applications further increases performance.

9. AMD Opteron
This processor is 64 bit which was released for workstation and server market in the spring of 2003.
Features:
Level-1-Cahche 128 KB which is divided into the data cache, 64 KB and 64 KB instruction cache.
-Level-2 cache of 1024 KB
-The speed from 1400 MHz - 3000MHz
Featuring 3-speed HyperTransport links buha 3200 Mbit / s
-Able to access physical memory up to 1 terabyte
-Available in single-core, dual-core, quad-core
-And many more. . . .
This processor to rival Intel's Xeon processors in the workstation market and High-End Itanium market. Compared with Intel Xeon Intel NetBurst microarchitecture-based reply, AMD Opteron processors can practically won a landslide victory seen from a distinguished performance in use is shown for each watt (performance / watt), but can not yet match the efficiency of Intel Itanium 2 processors.
AMD will also launch a Quad Core AMD Opteron processors in 2008, Quad-Core AMD Opteron processors use 4 cores capable of supporting fully buffered DIMMs and adding a level of L3-cache.

In addition to the above description there is the development of AMD Zamora, Cadiz AMD, AMD Greyhound, AMD Turion, and AMD with its Core Quad series. Due to me as the author has not received accurate information and distinguished literature on AMD processor series, then I can only describe the development of AMD processors only until here.

I am aware that the description above is still lacking and far from perfect, so presumably his readers understand :-). Even so I plan to upload about AMD Turion processor and AMD's latest series of others which is being widely discussed by many people and pebandingannya with Intel Core 2 Duo series of his.

Frankly though I as a writer, I also have not fully mastered products of AMD processors, because I still learn it :-), therefore please reply Dear reader if a distinguished expert in the hardware, especially on AMD processors are willing to supplement my writing this, Especially on AMD Turion and AMD's latest series of others, please send it via e-mail me, I will add in my writing this. As a token of gratitude I can only reply by stating your name at the end of this paper later.

Also dear readers who distinguished experts in the Hardware-Processor AMD if willing to help answer questions from other readers who submit questions about AMD processors on line comments to this article.